Woven fabric.



No. 729,161. PATENTED MAY 26, 1903. G. H. L. HANSON.

WOVEN FABRIC. uruonrou i'unn JAN. 21, 1903.

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C. H. L. HANSON. WOVEN FABRIC.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 21, 1903.

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Altorney UNTTED STATES Patented May 26, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES H. L. HANSON, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO JOHN H.BROMLEY AND EDWARD BROMLEY, OOPARTNERS TRADING AS JOHN BROMLEY & SONS,OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

FABRIC.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 729,161, dated May 26,1903.

Serial No. 139,891. (No specimens.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. L. HAN- SON, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing in the city of Philadelphia, State of Pennsyl- Vania,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Woven Fabrics, ofwhich the following is a full, clear, and exact de scription, referencebeing had to the accompanyingdrawings,forminga part of thisspecification.

The invention to be hereinafter described relates to woven fabrics moreespecially designed for fioor-coverings-such as carpets, rugs, and thelike-although it is to be understood that the same is not limited inthis respect; and the object of my invention is to produce such type offabric in more or less close resemblance to the well-known oriental orPersian rugs.

With these general objects in View the invention comprises a fabrichaving a plurality of weft planes, two being shown in the pres entembodiment of the invention, the weftthreads in one plane constitutingthe face of the fabric and the weft-threads in the other planeconstituting the back thereof, suitable binder-warps serving to tie inthe weft-threads in separate sheds in the two planes, with theweft-threads constituting the face of the fabrics disposed over thespace separating the weft-threads of the back of the fabric, so that theface figuring efiect shall show with more or less distinctness upon theback of the fabric, as in the oriental rugs referred to. In order tomaintain the two planes of weft-threads constituting the face and backof the fabric properly separated from each other, as also to preventdrawing the face-wefts too much to the back of the fabric between thebackingwefts, I may employ a stuffer, which at all times lies betweenthe face and back weftthreads, and this stuifer, as Well as thebinderwarps and back Wefts to be hereinafter described, may be of anydesired material; but as a preferred character thereof Ihave found thatthe stufier and binder warps formed of cotton or other inexpensivethread and the backing weft-thread formed of jute or a mix ture of juteand fiber answer very well, and while I prefer these characters ofthread for the stuffer, binder warps, and backing-weft, respectively, itis to be distinctly understood that my invention is not limited inrespect to the composition or material of the threads employed.

For the faceweft, which forms the figuring effect, I employ any desiredor usual character of chenille or other similar thread which will permitthe binder-warps to sink into the material thereof and be thus hidden,while at the same time depressing or drawing down the fibers of suchthread toward the back of the fabric between the backing weft-threads toproduce in more or less distinctness on the back of the fabric areproduction of the face figuring efiect.

With the general characteristics of the invention thus set forth thesame consists of the fabric to be hereinafter more particularlydescribed and then definitely pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan orface view of a piece of fabric,showing a form of figuring effect upon the face thereof. Fig. 2 is aview of the back of such fabric, showing in more or less distinctnessthe figure effect on the face. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional Viewof a portion of a fabric embodying my invention, showing the arrangementof the warp and weft threads. Fig. 4 is a longitu- 8o dinal sectionalview of the same fabric with the stuffer-thread omitted. Figs. 5 and 6are respectively diagrammatic side and plan views of such parts of aloom as are necessary to show the tying in of the warp-threads, andFigs. 7, 8, 9, and 10 are like diagrammatic views showing the mannerof'shedding the warp-threads through one cycle of operations inproducing the fabric.

Referring to the drawings, 0. represents the 0 weft-threads constitutingthe face of the fabric and by which the figure efiect is produced. Thesethreads are preferably formed of chenille or other desired character ofmaterial, which, being laid side by side upon the face of the fabric,serve to produce the figure or pattern desired, and b represents theweftthreads, which constitute the back of the fab ric and may be formedof any desired material, such as jute, cotton, or the like. The

is employed are live in number-one for each of the four sets ofbinder-warps 1, 2, 3, and 4 weft-threads a, constituting the face of theback, are preferably arranged in two planes, the weft-threads of theface being disposed above the space between the weft-threads of theback, such disposition of the weft-threads being maintained by thebinding warpthreads, to be described.

Referring to Figs. 5 to 10, indicates the breast-beam; D D, the take-upand let-olf rolls; E, the lay, carrying the ordinary reed, and F theheddles, which when a stuffer-warp and one for the stu flier-warps 5.The heddles are designated as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and the warps are drawninto them-in any particular order; but for the purpose of more clearlydisclosing the manner of binding in the individual weft in the two weftplanes I have in the present instance drawn warp designated 1 throughNo. 1' heddle, warp 2 through No. 2 heddle, warp 3 through No. 3 heddle,warp 4 through No. 4E heddle, and stuffer-warp 5 through No. 5 heddle.With the arrangement thus outlined, which of course is merely arbitraryas to the particular order of drawing in of the warps, the fabric ofFig. 3, commencing at the left of said figures, may be produced by thefollowing cycle of shedding operation: First, raise heddle 1 and 2,depress 3', 4;, and 5, and introduce shot of chenille or face-weft a, asin Fig. second,

raise heddle 1, 3, and 5, depress 2 and 4, v

and introduce shot of backing-weft b, as in Fig. 9; third, raise heddles3 and 4t, depress 1, 2, and 5, and introduce shot of chenille orface-weft a, as in Fig. 8; fourth, raise heddles 2', 4, and 5, depress land 3, and introduce shot of backing-weft b, as in Fig. 7. It will beunderstood, of course, that the usual beating up takes place after eachintroduction of a weft-thread, either face or back. Thus it will benoted that I employ four binder warp-threads, which are worked in pairs,the threads constituting the pairs beingvaried in each successive shedthroughout each cycle of operations, as above indicated, and that in thefinished fabric the binder warp-threads in pairs pass around or overliethe weft-threads of both face and back, and that one of the threads ofeach pair of warpthreads passes from its tied-in weft directly to theopposite surface of the fabric to tie in the next weft-thread on thatsurface, and that the other of the pair passes diagonally to theopposite surface to tie in the second shot of weft on that surface, andthen each binder-warp passes to the surface from which they originallycame in the described cycle of operations, where they together tie in ashot of weft on that surface. The result is that each weft-thread ofboth the face and back of the fabric is bound in .place by binder-warpspassing directly and in reverse diagonal directions to the oppositesurface of the fabric. By such binding in'of the weft (best illustratedin Figs. 3 and 4) the weft-threads on one surface are firmly andsecurely held in position opposite the spaces between the weft-threadsof the other surface, by which means the chenille or other face-weft mayhave the fibers thereof depressed by the binder-warps, so as to appearin more or less distinctness on the back in the same pattern or figureas. on the face.

It is desirable to use the stuffer-warp 5 between the two weft planes inorder to more properly and accurately position the face- Wefts betweenthe spaces of the back weft, as also to prevent too much drawing throughof the face-weft by the binder-warp; but in some cases it may, ifdesired, be omitted, as illustrated in Fig. 4.

It is obvious, of course, that more'or less body may be given the fabricby the use of more or less heavy threads and that the binder-warp may bevaried in color as desired, and my invention is not limited in thisrespect, the invention broadly contemplating the formation of a fabricresembling with more or less accuracy an oriental or Persian rug, thefigure or pattern being formed by chenille or similar threads upon onesurface overlying the spaces between the suitable backing threads andbound in by warpthreads, so that a portion of the chenille or face-weftmay be drawn to the back of the fabric to produce the face-patternthereon. It is also obvious that various modifications of thedisposition of the binderwarps may also be made without departing fromthe spirit of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A woven fabric comprising weft-threads arranged in two planes, theweft-threads in one plane being disposed opposite the spaces between theweft-threads of the other plane, and binder warp-threads arranged inpairs for binding the weft-threads in one plane and in different pairsfor binding the weft-threads of the other plane to produce in more orless distinctness on the back of the fabric the figure or pattern formedby the weft-threads on the face thereof.

2. Awoven fabric comprising weft-threads arranged in two planes, theweft-threads in one plane being disposed opposite the spaces between theweft-threads of the other plane, stuffer warp-threads interposed betweenthe two planes of weft-threads, and binder warpthreads arranged in pairsfor binding the weft-threads in one plane and in different pairs forbinding the weft-threads of the other plane to produce in more or lessdistinctness on the back of the fabric the figure or pattern formed bythe weft-threads on the face thereof.

3. A woven fabric comprising face weftthreads and backing weft-threads,the face weft-threads being disposed opposite the spaces between thebacking weft-threads, and

binder warp-threads passing around the face and back Weft-threads inpairs, one of the pair of binder warp-threads passing from its tied-inweft-thread to the opposite surface of the fabric to tie in the nextweft-thread on that surface, and the other one of the pair passingdiagonally to the opposite surface to tie in the second weft-thread onthat surface, whereby each weft-thread of both face and back is tied inplace by binder-warps passing directly and in reverse diagonaldirections to the opposite surface of the fabric.

4. A woven fabric comprising face weftthreads and backing weft-threads,the face weft threads being disposed opposite the spaces between thebacking weftthreads, stulfer warp-threads interposed between the faceand backing weft-threads, and binder Warp-threads passing around theface and back weft-threads in pairs, one of the pair of binderwarp-threads passing from its tied-in weft-thread to the oppositesurface of the fabric to tie in the next weft-thread on that surface,and the other one of the pair passing diagonally to the opposite surfaceto tie in the second weft thread on that surface, whereby eachweft-thread of both face and back is tied in place by binder-warpspassing directly and in reverse diagonal directions to the oppositesurface of the fabric.

5. A woven fabric resembling an oriental rug and formed of chenille faceweft-threads and inferior quality of backing weft-threads, the chenilleWeft-threads being disposed opposite the spaces between the backingWeftthreads, stuffer warp-threads interposed between the face andbacking weft-threads, and four sets of binder warp-threads passingaround the face and backing weftthreads in pairs, one of the pairs ofbinder warp-threads passing from its tied-in weftthread directly to theopposite face of the fabric to tie in the next weft-thread on thatsurface, and the other one of the pair of binder warp-threads passingdiagonally to the opposite surface to tie in the second weft-thread onthat surface, whereby each weft-thread of both face and back is tied inplace by binderwarps passing directly and by others in reverse diagonaldirection to the opposite surface of the fabric, to hold the faceweftthreads securely opposite the spaces between the backingweft-threads and produce the figure of the face upon the back of thefabric.

. In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature this 14thday of- January, A. D. 1903.

CHARLES H, L. HANSON.

Witnesses:

GEo. W. REED, H. T. FENTON.

